Chapter 2 Alkanes: The Nature of Organic Compounds

structures and stereochemistry of alkanes,Functional Groups , Molecular formula ,Constitutional Isomers Straight and branched-chain alkanes,Alkane sources ,Uses and Sources of Alkanes,Naming of alkanes,Alkane Isomers

Chapter 3 Alkenes and Alkynes: The Nature of Organic Reactions

Alkene - Hydrocarbon With Carbon-Carbon Double Bond, Triple Bond ,olefin,Electronic Structure of Alkenes,sp2 Hybrid Orbitals,Cis-Trans Isomers of Alkenes,System of Nomenclature,Kinds of Organic Reactions  Mechanisms  How Reactions Occur  Indicating

Chapter 4 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

Markovnikov’s Rules ,Regioselective, Regiospecific,Tertiary cations,Carbocation Structure and Stability,Addition of Water to Alkenes,Reduction of Alkenes:Hydrogenation,Permangate Hydroxylation of Alkenes,Free Radical Polymerization: Initiation,Formation

Chapter 5 Aromatic Compounds

Naming of aromatic compounds • General mechanism • Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions • Effect of Substituents in Aromatic Substitution,Aromatic rings,Benzene’s Unusual Structure,The Phenyl Group

Chapter 6 Stereochemistry

Chirality if the molecule chiral or achiral , Enantiomers , Sequence Rules (IUPAC) R and S isomer , Fischer Projection , Polarimeter , Properties of Enantiomers , Racemic Mixtures Two or More Chiral Carbons , isomers , Diastereomeric Forms , Meso compound